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Why is Wine Important in Orthodox Religion: Old & New Testament

Wine in the Christian Orthodox Religion During the spread and flourishing of Christianity in Greek-Roman civilization, wine had already been a staple foodstuff. Therefore, it did not take a long time for the Christian religion to accept it and treat it as a blessed commodity. It is noteworthy that the words ‘wine’ and ‘vineyard’ are frequently used as examples in the Evangelical parables and there are many references to them in the Holy Scripture. The symbolism of wine during the cementation of Christianity In the Old Testament As we know from the writings in the Old Testament, wine acquired distinctive symbolism. After the flood, Noah planted and managed to create his own vineyard. In Exodus, God gave a promise to bless three significant goods for human life: bread, water and wine. The lands and climate in the regions of Hebron and Palestine were conducive for the cultivation of vineyards. Viticulture flourished in a short time and gained great demand, as people cultivated their vines to produce the blessed wine. David hymns wine through his psalms, saying: "And wine that makes glad the heart of man..." (Psalm 104:15) and "You have put gladness in my heart, More than in the season that their grain and wine increased" (Psalm 4:7). Essentially, David believes that wine delights the heart, which is one of the most vital organs of the human body and the center of human emotions. In the New Testament In the New Testament, it also becomes clear that wine acquires a sacred significance through various events. Jesus Christ starts his numerous miracles at the wedding in Cana, where He transforms water into wine. Later, in the Last Supper, our Lord gave a cup of wine to His disciples, saying: "For this is My blood of the new covenant, which is shed for many for the remission of sins" (Matthew 26:28). With this mention of our Lord, it was established to offer bread and wine in the Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist, symbolizing the body and blood of Jesus Christ. Here you can find icons of the Last Supper. Read here: Wines of Mount Athos: the Secret behind Monastery Wine...since the 10th century! Nama, the wine of the Holy Eucharist ‘Nama’ or ‘Anama’ is the wine that is used in the Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist and is prepared through a special process. For approximately 48 hours, the grape must boils slowly until it is concentrated. For every 600 kilograms of grape must, a bucket of already condensed stum is added to initiate fermentation once again. Throughout this entire process of preparing the Nama wine, great care is recommended, as the stum can turn sour. The presence of wine in sepulchral customs It is worth mentioning that in sepulchral customs that are preserved even today, the presence of wine is necessary. During the sacrament of burial, the priest prays, pouring some wine on the grave of the departed. In addition, during the exhumation, the bones are washed with wine. In the past, in some areas, relatives washed the warm body of the deceased with wine or vinegar. In certain regions in Greece, at the memorial services, the relatives bring, along with koliva, wine or stafylarmia (in Greek σταφυλαρμιά) that is grapes in petimezi (i.e. concentrated stum). Read here: Koliva: the symbolism of the ingredients and how we decorate them. Saint Tryphon, Patron Saint of Viticulture During the pruning season, all monasteries that have vineyards, as well as the rural population outside the walls of monasteries, pray for a good harvest, to the Patron Saint of Viticulture and agriculture, Saint Tryphon. Here you can find icons with Saint Tryphon. Source: "Athos and Wine" by Eleni Kefalopoulou, with contributions from Aris Fotiadis.

Eldress Galaktia of Crete: the 4 Things God Wants from Us

WHAT LORD WANTS The caretakers who lived near Eldress Galaktia of Crete recorded her teachings, in order to capture her spiritual wisdom to enlighten the world. Below you will read Gerontissa's words in full about what she feels the Lord wants from us. 18th September 2016 - Record from her caretakers ELDRESS: «Whoever feels even a little bit of the Light of God, the love of God, loves the whole world afterwards. He/She prays for the whole world. You see what God is and what you are. You cry for your sins afterward. I don't know anything else. Ask the educated to tell you. I feel that there are four things that God primarily desires: Repentance, humility, silence, and love accompanied with mercy in secret. These are the foundation. The rest come afterwards... ». From the book "H Οσία Γερόντισσα Γαλακτία της Κρήτης ", in the Greek language.

What is the explanation of Holy Thursday in the Greek Orthodox Church

Why is it called Maundy Thursday During the Great and Holy Thursday, all the christians commemorate the Last Supper of Jesus Christ with his disciples and the washing of their feet. It is the fifth day of the Holy week and is also called Maundy Thursday. The word Maundy comes from the latin word ‘mandatum’ which symbolizes the words of Jesus Christ ‘I give you a new commandment’. Why is the Supper of Holy Thursday called ‘Secret’? An explanation from the Greek language Father Stefanos Anagnostopoulos explains that the word ‘Μυστικός’ in Greek (Mystikos, meaning ‘secret’), is delivered from the noun ‘initiate’ which comes from the verb ‘initiate’ (in Greek μυώ, myo). Therefore, the Last Supper did not take place in secret, but it had a higher cause, to initiate the Apostles in the martyrdom that would follow. In the Last Supper, our Lord Jesus Christ revealed, presented and taught to His twelve disciples, that the sacrament of His Sacrifice on the Cross has already been accomplished. The Supper of Holy Thursday is called ‘Last’ because Jesus Christ initiated His disciples and through the disciples, us, into the saving sacrifice: He Himself performed the Cross of Calvary. Through the Last Supper, Jesus Christ, in an inconceivable way to the human mind and common sense, foresees the events of the betrayal, the Trial, the Passion, the Calvary and the Sacrifice on the Cross. And He expects them because they are present in the food of His Holy Body and His Holy Blood..."Take, eat, this is My body", he says to his disciples, “Drink from it, all of you. For this is My blood…” For the Lord to speak in this manner, signifies that the Sacrifice has already been performed and continues to be realized till nowadays through our Divine Liturgy! Here you can find icons with the Last Supper.

Koliva: the symbolism of the ingredients and how we decorate them

What do All Souls’ Days symbolize? Our Church established two All Souls’ Days for those who have fallen asleep, because many people at times died in the sea or in mountains and cliffs or due to poverty and did not receive the typical memorial services. For this reason, "The holy Fathers, moved by philanthropy, established this memorial service for all devoutly departed Christians throughout the ages". In the Orthodox monastic life, memorial services and in general the memory of death, have a great importance. For this reason, the holy fathers give special attention to kolliva, both in their preparation and consumption. When we celebrate the All Souls’ Days The first All Souls’ Day of the year is 57 days before Holy Easter. It is also called “Saturday of Souls” and is the Saturday before Meat fare Sunday. Οn Meat fare Sunday we seek to commemorate the Second Coming of the Lord Jesus Christ. Our dead have not yet been judged, so we remember them on this day and, invoking the infinite mercy of the Lord, we beg Him with the memorial service we do, to rest them. The second All Souls’ Day of the year is 48 days after Holy Easter. It is also called "Saturday of Souls" and is celebrated before Pentecost Sunday. All Soul’s Days are connected with memorial services as both are held in memory of our own people who are no longer alive. Our tradition calls for koliva for All Souls’ Days, which we take to the Church in honor of our beloved departed. Why do we eat kolyva at memorial services The kolyva are one of the oldest Christian customs of the Orthodox Church that is preserved until today and is directly connected to the departed. According to the tradition, the koliva were established to be offered to the temples by Saint Theodore Tyron, who had distributed koliva in the region of the Euchaites in Galatia during a period of famine. Another tradition states that Saint Theodore Tyron performed a miracle on Emperor Julian. In particular, the emperor was about to force Christians to eat only food derived from sacrifices, eliminating all other kinds of food. Either way, koliva were established to be offered both on All Souls’ Days and at memorial services to those attending there and then to the homes of relatives and friends. Here you can find book about the Memorial Services and Their Benefits. Why the ingredients from the koliva must be nine Koliva is made of 9 ingredients because they symbolize the angelic orders, which are nine. Each ingredient is accompanied by its own symbolism. What are the ingredients in the koliva and what do they symbolize 1. Wheat: the main ingredient of koliva is wheat, which is usually boiled and symbolizes the earth and people, who are not alive. 2. Pomegranate: the second ingredient is the pomegranate and symbolizes the mercies and splendor of Paradise. 3. Sugar: the next ingredient that is included in the koliva, is sugar, which reveals the sweetness of Paradise. 4. Raisins: raisins are the fourth ingredient that shows the Vine that is Jesus Christ. 5. Parsley: parsley is another ingredient and symbolizes rest " in a place of green pasture ". 6. Breadcrumbs or sesame seeds: these two ingredients indicate the soil. 7. Cinnamon: cinnamon is one of the main ingredients that is used in koliva and indicates the fragrance and the various scents ("…laid it in a sepulchre that was hewn in stone, wherein never man before was laid…”). 8. Almonds: they symbolize fertility and life is perpetuated with offspring. 9. Silver and white sugared-almonds: the final ingredient is the silver and white sugared-almonds that symbolize the unaltered bones after the wear and tear of the body. Here you can find the two monastic recipes for the koliva. The decoration of the koliva The decoration of the koliva and the tray are of outstanding value. It serves Christian symbolism and with the joyful note it imparts, it tries to relieve the sadness and pain of losing a person. The decoration of the koliva can be done with either pomegranate, almonds or sugared-almonds. Also, various seals, stencils, usually made of wood, are used to imprint the Cross or another Christian symbol in the center of the koliva. These wooden seals usually have two handles for easy installation and removal, which makes them very easy to use. They depict various symbols in the center such as the Cross with two little angels and the symbol IC XC NIKA or Saints such as Saint Paisios, Saint John the Theologian or Saint Paraskevi. Here you can find the seals for the koliva.

Saint George the Trophy-Bearer: The Miraculous Icon at Xenophontos Monastery on Mount Athos

The story behind the Miraculous Icon of Saint George The miraculous icon of Saint George the Trophy-Bearer is located at the Holy Monastery of Xenophontos on Mount Athos and dates back to the period of Iconoclasm. How the icon was saved from the Iconoclasts During the time of the Iconoclasm in Constantinople, the Iconoclasts acted against sacred icons and attempted to get rid of them by throwing them into the fire. When they came across the icon of Saint George, they tried to destroy it in the same way, but were unsuccessful. The miracle of the icon in the fire The iconoclasts threw the icon into the flames, but it remained unharmed, with only a little damage to the garments of Saint George. At that moment, a servant of the king stabbed the icon where the saint's chin was, and immediately blood began to flow! The heretics were stunned by this event. They were scared, decided to leave the icon behind and disappeared. At the same time, a devout christian found the icon of Saint George and prayed for its safe passage through the sea. During his prayer, the faithful's words were as follows: "Great Martyr of Jesus Christ, Trophy-Bearer Saint George, you who performed so many miracles during life and after death, and who have just now left your holy icon safe from fire, preserve it now and carry it safely through the sea, wherever you know and desire, for the glory of our God." With these words, the christian threw the icon on the sea. Here you can find icons of Saint George the Trophy-Bearer. How the icon arrived at the Holy Monastery of Xenophontos The holy icon of Saint George arrived by Divine Providence in the 10th century at the coast of the Holy Monastery of Xenophontos on Mount Athos. At the spot where the miraculous icon was found, at the edge of the beach next to a rock, existed the small Monastery of the Great Martyr Saint Demetrius, where a small chapel still stands to this day, erected by Saint Xenophon. Initially, the holy icon of Saint George was placed there. It is said that when Saint Xenophon saw the icon floating on the sea, he personally financed the construction of the old Cathedral of the Monastery in honor of Saint George. Since then, Saint George has been considered the patron of Xenophontos Monastery. The Holy Water of Saint George with its healing properties Why was he named 'Dysuritis' At the location where the miraculous icon was found, acidic healing water flows to this day. According to tradition, this is the holy water of Saint George, which has healing properties for kidney ailments, gallbladder issues, and the disease of dysuria. Thus, Saint George received the sobriquet 'Dysuritis'. Read more here: Holy Monastery of Xenophontos: The Monastery of Panagia Hodegetria and Saint Georgios Today, the miraculous icon of Saint George is placed in the main Church of Saint George on the eastern column. The holy icon depicts Saint George in full figure, as well as the wound on his neck with blood, as a sign of the miracle that occurred centuries ago. Even today, the icon reminds the countless miracles that were performed by the Holy Great Martyr Saint George. The monks honor and commemorate Saint George the Trophy-Bearer and Saint Demetrius the Myroblyte daily during the dismissals of Divine Services. Here you can find icons of Saint George and Saint Demetrius. When is the celebration of Saint George Our Church commemorates the memory of Saint George twice a year. On April 23rd, we honor his dormition through beheading, and on November 3rd, we celebrate the disinterring of his relics.

How to Pray with a Prayer Rope - The Origin of Komboskini

How to use a prayer rope - Greek Orthodox Komboskini During prayer, the faithful move through the knots, not for numerical counting, since the number of knots on each praer rope is fixed, but to maintain their focus. There are generally two ways of praying with a prayer rope. Free prayer, which can be done at any time and in solitude. Holding the prayer rope in either the left or right hand, one uses the thumb to pass over each knot while saying the prayer: “Lord Jesus Christ, have mercy on me” or “Most Holy Theotokos, save us.” Structured prayer, as prescribed by our spiritual father. In this case, the prayer rope is held in the left hand, and following the guidance of the spiritual father, the faithful recites a specific prayer while counting the required number of knots with the thumb, according to their prescribed "canon". Find here: Mount Athos Prayer Ropes What prayers do you pray with a prayer rope Each knot is typically accompanied by one of the following prayers. It can either be the Jesus Prayer or prayers to the Virgin MAry, the Saints and Archangels. "Lord Jesus Christ, have mercy on the sinner, Most Holy Theotokos, save us, Saints of God, intercede for us." or "Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, through the intercessions of the Most Holy Theotokos and all the Saints, have mercy on me, the sinner." Or the shorter version: "Lord Jesus Christ, have mercy on me, a sinner." "Lord Jesus Christ, have mercy on me.” With the aid of a prayer rope, one can also offer other short prayers, such as: 1. The Publican’s Prayer: "O God, be merciful to me, a sinner." 2. Prayer to the Most Holy Theotokos: "Most Holy Theotokos, save us." 3. Prayer to the Guardian Angel or Saints: "Holy Angel (or Saint [Name]), intercede for me." If, instead of these invocations, one uses the phrases “have mercy on us” or “intercede for us,” or prays by naming specific individuals, then the prayer rope is used for intercessory prayers on behalf of others. 4. Prayer for the departed: "Grant rest, O Lord, to the soul of Your servant." The history of the prayer rope - When and why was the first prayer rope made The prayer rope is a cord used as a tool for prayer by monks, clergy, and laity of the Orthodox Church. It is particularly widespread in Eastern and Southeastern Europe, while similar tools that aid in prayer concentration can also be found in other religions with different names and forms. When was the first prayer rope created and for what purpose? The use of prayer ropes dates back to the early Christian centuries. Before the use of prayer ropes, prayers were counted by moving small stones or seeds from one container to another. One of the most well-known traditions attributes the creation of the prayer rope to St. Pachomius. St. Pachomius was seeking a practical way to help monks with their prayers. It is said, therefore, that the Archangel Gabriel visited Saint Pachomius in his sleep and described to him the method of constructing a "tool", that is, the prayer rope that would meet the needs of prayer. Another theory describes a monk who devised simple knots on a cord, but the devil repeatedly untied them. Then, an Angel of the Lord appeared and taught him a special knot, woven in the shape of crosses, to prevent its destruction. Find here: Mount Athos Prayer Ropes How a prayer rope is made A prayer rope is handwoven by monks or skilled artisans. They choose a thin cord or thread made of various materials, as we will see in detail below, and create the knots. With a special technique, the knots are distinct to the touch. During the weaving of a monastic prayer rope, the monk recites prayers for each knot individually. Upon completing the necessary number of knots, as determined by the monk, the two ends of the cord or thread are joined, forming a cross. How many different prayer ropes exist Types of Prayer Ropes Orthodox prayer ropes are categorized based on the number of knots, the way they are worn and the material from which they are made. Number of Knots The most common and simplest prayer rope consists of 33 knots. However, there are also prayer ropes with 12, 50, 100, and 300 knots, referred to as 12-knot, 50-knot, 100-knot, and 300-knot prayer ropes, respectively. Placement on the body that prayer rope is worn The Greek Orthodox komboskini can either be worn on the finger, or around the wrist or around the neck. The prayer ropes, designed for the fingers, are small in size (12 knots) and are known as finger prayer ropes. Correspondingly, those meant to be worn on the wrist are called prayer ropes for the hand, while longer ones intended for the neck are known as neck prayer ropes. Most prayer ropes feature a cross, either woven among the knots or placed at the end, marking the end of the rope. Additionally, some prayer ropes include separators every 10, 20, or 50 knots, either as beads or through a different thread color. Material of construction Traditional Orthodox prayer ropes are typically made from black wool. However, there are also prayer ropes made of silk thread. Find here: Wool Prayer Ropes Find here: Waxy and Silky Prayer Ropes Additionally, some prayer ropes are crafted from beads of various kinds and colors, such as wooden beads or beads made from natural materials. Notable examples include the athonite prayer rope of the Twelve Apostles, made by the monks of Mount Athos using nutmeg seeds, as well as the athonite prayer rope with beads made from olive pits. Another unique material used in making prayer ropes is the so-called "Tears of the Virgin Mary," which comes from the dried seeds of a shrubby plant known by the same name. According to Christian tradition, this plant sprouted from the tears of the Theotokos that fell to the ground beneath the Cross of Jesus. It is said that this shrub, named "Tears of the Virgin Mary," miraculously appeared at the moment of her Son’s Crucifixion. Find here: Prayer Ropes with Tears of the Virgin Mary Finally, other types of prayer ropes can be found, made from leather and semi-precious stones. Find here: Leather, Wooden and Stone Prayer Ropes Find here: Prayer Ropes with Beads In conclusion, the prayer rope is not a decorative accessory but a spiritual tool for ascetic practice and concentration in prayer. "I urge Christians to make Crosses and Prayer Ropes, and I pray to our Christ to bless them so that they may have them as protective amulets." (Saint Cosmas the Aetolian) Read also: "The symbolism of the Prayer Rope - Orthodox Komboskini"

Wise Words - Advice from Saint Paisios of Mount Athos

The spiritual legacy left to us, by Elder Paisios through teachings, sayings and advice. Saint Paisios of Mount Athos was born in Farasa, Cappadocia, on July 25, 1924. As a child, he sought to become a monk, devoting his entire life to Our Lord. Elder Paisios lived a virtuous life, with deep devotion to the spiritual struggle, humility, constant fasting and unceasing prayer, until the last moment, when he passed away on July 12, 1994. Saint Paisios is buried in the Holy Monastery of St. John the Theologian in Souroti, Thessaloniki. Find here: Saint Paisos Books 12 Wise words and Advice from elder Paisios… as a spiritual guide for our lives! "Many people have it all, but they also have sorrow because they haven’t found Jesus Christ…" "Whether we pray for ourselves or for others, prayer must be heartfelt…" “Today, in the midst of so many dangers that we live, God protects us like a mother protects a young child, when it begins to walk. Now, Jesus Christ, Virgin Mary and the Saints help us the most, but we do not understand it. Imagine how the world would be, if they did not help! " "God never abandons us… We abandon him!"find here: Orthodox icons on wood with Saint Paisios"With a glance at the Sky, everything would change!" "The years we are going through are very difficult and very dangerous, but in the end Jesus Christ will win!" Find here: Wooden Magnet with Saint Paisios the Athonite Find here: Wood carved cross with Saint Paisios "After the demonic rain, the divine sunshine will come!" “Treat everything with love, kindness, patience and humility. Be like rocks. Everything erupts on you, but like the waves, everything falls back. You must be calm!" "The Lord was crucified, he did not crucify anyone - he was killed, he did not kill anyone!" "Glory to God" should never be missing from your lips!" Find here: Greek orthodox fylachto amulet with Saint Paisios "Why, Elder, while we have often felt the omnipotence of God, do we not see His blessing to us?" "It is a trap of the devil. The devil throws ashes in the eyes of man, to block the Grace of God. Because, when the man sees the providence of God, his granite heart will soften, he will become sensitive and he will burst into praise, and this is not in the devil's interest "."In order for the paternal books to help, we must read them with humility and prayer…" Find here: Seal for Koliva with Saint Paisios Find here: Silver Pendant with Saint Paisios the Athonite

The Symbolism of Objects Held by Saints in Byzantine Iconography

What do the objects held by the Saints in Byzantine Iconography symbolize Orthodox icons as a way of communication with the Christian Faith Orthodox hagiography reveals to Christians the unearthly, which transcends the boundaries of our physical world. It functions as a way of communication and seeks to highlight the new world that will come with the Kingdom of God. This can be expressed through the icons of the Saints, where characteristics such as schematization, simplicity and differentiation prevail. In this article you will read about the symbolism of various objects in Byzantine Iconography, such as the cross and the Church held by the Saints, the open palms, the Gospel, the scrolls, the rod, medical objects, as well as the choices of colors. The basic characteristics of Byzantine iconography Schematization aims to change the material shapes and colors so that they exude spirituality, lose their ephemeral character and acquire an eternal hypostasis (existence). At the same time, the simplicity that prevails in the icons is intended to convey the message of Orthodoxy of restraint and starkness, while focusing on the core of the theme and message of the icon. Finally, the differentiation presents the icon in an altered form, while retaining the key features, in order to highlight the message of rebirth in light and Divine Glory. In some cases, the icons depict the Saints holding objects with a special symbolism. These objects, in combination with the other elements of the icon, help to identify the Saints and assist in the narration of their lives. Here you can order handmade iconography from Mount Athos. What the colors of the icons symbolize The colors of the icons are often described as unnatural. For example, oftentimes we see horses depicted in red color or rocks in blue or purple, which is a deviation from reality. As we can conclude, color is not a decorative element but gives a deeper meaning to the icons and spiritual dimensions in the eyes of the viewer. In particular, white color symbolizes light and purity and black symbolizes mystery. Blue shows vividness and clarity, while red reveals the flame and warmth of mystery. Furthermore, yellow refers to Divine Glory and splendor and green to hope. Finally, the beams of divine light are symbolized with blue color. What the Cross held by the Saints symbolizes The Cross that the Saints hold in the icons symbolizes their martyrdom. It is not the manner of their sacrifice that matters, but their confession of faith in Jesus Christ. In some cases the icons depict the Saints holding the instruments that they were martyred with. In other cases the icons represent how the Saints were martyred. What the weapons and armour of the Saints symbolize in the icons In Byzantine iconography we often find weapons such as spears, shields and swords. These objects usually belong to martyrs who were soldiers and manifested their faith in Christianity. These martyrs are examples of dedicated people who have left behind their military duties to follow Christ. Thus, the arms and armor highlight this transition, reflecting their adherence (allegiance) to religion. What the scroll held by the Saints symbolizes The scroll represents the sacred wisdom of the Saints. It often appears in the hands of ascetics, writers, prophets and apostles, who were distinguished for their insight, prophecy and the transmission of divine knowledge to their fellow men. It appears that on the scroll there are recorded bywords (sayings) that were drawn from Saints’ teachings. What the open palm symbolizes The interpretation of the open palm varies depending on the icon that is depicted. In the case of the Saints, who were martyred for the Christian faith, the open hands symbolize their resistance to idolatry. In contrast, in the depiction of Virgin Mary and Saint John the Baptist, the open palm shows the posture of supplication (deesis - prayer). What the staff (rod) symbolizes The rod symbolizes the Bishop's role as shepherd and guide of the faithful towards Jesus Christ. The design of the rod varies according to how it was used in the Saint's life. The episcopal rod may be topped by a cross mounted on a double handle, which is usually snake-shaped to symbolize the serpent lifted up by Moses in the desert. The rod may vary in appearance depending on the actual design used in the life of the saint. The T-shaped rod symbolizes the power held by the abbots of the monasteries or the role of the Saints, who were the guides and protectors of the people during their lifetime. However, this staff is also depicted on the hands of Saints who did not hold any office during their lives such as St. Xenia. Saint Xenia was homeless in Petersburg and spread the teaching through which she urged abstinence from carnal acts. In this case the T-shaped staff (rod) takes on a different meaning and symbolizes the earthly life of the Saint, giving a heavenly role in the life of the Church. What the Gospel held by the Saints symbolizes In Byzantine iconography, some Saints hold the Gospel, which symbolizes the psalms and teachings they were conveying to Christians during the Divine Liturgy. The Saints hold the Gospel with special respect and reverence, while their bare hands are covered with their sacred vestments and epitrachelions (stole), as the icons show. Furthermore, there are icons in which the Evangelists hold the Gospel open, on which are written the words they wrote and transmitted with their preaching to the faithful. What the churches or monasteries that the Saints hold symbolize There are two main reasons why Saints keep churches or monasteries in Byzantine iconography. On the one hand, it is because they were martyred for their faith. In fact, in many icons Saints are shown offering the temple to the Lord Jesus Christ. On the other hand, it is because many Saints were founders, benefactors or patrons of the Church in their own places and are honored for their contribution. What the church held by the Apostles Peter and Paul symbolizes The Apostles Peter and Paul, who celebrate together on June 29, are shown in an icon holding a church in their hands, symbolizing the hymnography of the Church. They emerge as pillars and ‘church builders’, having founded many church communities in the Mediterranean regions and the Holy Lands. Here you can find icons with Saint Peter and Paul. What the golden background of the icons symbolizes With the golden background on the holy icons, the three dimensions of space are removed, creating a spiritual environment. The bodies of the Saints have a light appearance, indicating a spiritual dimension. What the medical instruments held by the Saints symbolize The medicine box and medical tools reveal that the Saint in the icon belongs to the Holy Unmercenaries. Essentially, the Saints depicted with medical objects, treated the sick uncharitably, offered healing from serious illnesses and generally treated those in need, without asking for monetary compensation. What does the writing stylus symbolize in the icons of the Saints The writing quill indicates that the pictured Saint holding, was a writer or hymn writer during his life. What the icon held by the Saint symbolizes In many icons, the Saint is depicted holding an icon of a Saint with one hand. In particular, these depictions show either the defenders of icons or the spiritual father of the saint. This symbolizes the connection they had with each other. It is possible that there are many other items that have not been mentioned in this article. As can be seen, there are many reasons why the Saints are depicted holding their objects in the icons, but each reason individually is connected to our Lord Jesus Christ. Through our website you cano order the Byzantine Iconography you wish, by easily completing the Form for Custom Hand Painted Icons from Mount Athos. You can choose the theme of the hagiography, the type of the icon, the dimensions, the background, as well as the appearance of the wood. You can even upload your own photo based on which the handmade icon will be created. For any clarification you can send us an email at the email address [email protected].

Orthodox Fasting: Rules and Guidance of Orthodox Church

The practice of fasting is mentioned both in the Old and the New Testament, constituting a divine commandment and a timeless religious tradition. According to the Holy Fathers of our Church, fasting is the first commandment given to human by God. In the Gospel according to Matthew, we encounter the following passages: «Moreover, when you fast, do not be like the [a]hypocrites, with a sad countenance. For they disfigure their faces that they may appear to men to be fasting. Assuredly, I say to you, they have their reward.» (Matt. 6:16–18). Jesus Christ further emphasized the value of fasting, saying: «However, this kind does not go out except by prayer and fasting.» (Matt. 17:21) 1. The Fast of the Great Lent One of the most important and longest fasting periods of our Church is the Fast of the Great Lent, which begins on Clean Monday (or Pure Monday) and ends on the Sunday of the Resurrection. It is the strictest fast of the entire year. Through the fast of Great Lent, we prepare ourselves to participate in the Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ and in the joy of His Resurrection. Find here: What we eat at Great Lent: Rules and Exceptions about Fasting From which foods we abstain during Great Lent During Great Lent, the consumption of meat, fish, dairy products, eggs, olive oil, and wine is not permitted. Olives are permitted, as they are consumed as fruit, while oil may be consumed only on Saturdays and Sundays. Find here: Fasting Recipes without Oil Exceptions to the Fast of Great Lent The period of Great Lent includes certain days when exceptions to the general fasting rules apply. A) On March 25th, the Feast of the Annunciation of the Theotokos, as well as on Palm Sunday, fish may be consumed. B) On March 26th, the day dedicated to the memory of the Holy Forty Martyrs, oil and wine may be consumed C) On Holy Saturday, a strict fast is kept, without oil or wine. 2. The Fast of Christmas Christmas fast, also called the Forty Days or Little Lent, is not characterized by the same strictness as the fast of Great Lent. Christmas fast begins on November 15th and is completed on December 24th, the eve of the feast. During this period, the consumption of meat, dairy products, and eggs is prohibited. By contrast, the following foods are permitted under certain conditions: A) Fish may be consumed every day except Wednesdays and Fridays until December 17th. This duration, which consists of the first 33 days, corresponds to the years that Jesus Christ lived on earth. B) Fish is permitted on November 21st, the Feast of the Presentation of the Theotokos to the Temple, regardless of the day of the week. C) Oil and wine are permitted from December 18th to December 23rd, except on Wednesdays and Fridays. Find here: Monastic Recipes with Fish 3. The Fast of the Dormition of the Theotokos During the period of the feast of the Dormition of the Theotokos, the fast is strict. This is observed to honor and glorify the greatest feast of the Mother of God in Orthodoxy. Specifically, we abstain from eating oil on all days, with the following exceptions: A) On Saturdays and Sundays, oil and wine are permitted. B) Fish is allowed only on the Feast of the Transfiguration of the Savior, which is on August 6th. C) Fish is also permitted if the Feast of the Dormition (August 15th) falls on a Wednesday or Friday. 4. The Fast of the Holy Apostles The fast of the Holy Apostles bears their name because it precedes two great apostolic feasts. The Feast of the Holy Glorious Apostles Peter and Paul, celebrated on June 29th and the Synaxis of the Twelve Apostles, celebrated on the following day, June 30th. This fast is short in duration and variable, since its beginning depends on the date of Easter, which is movable. It begins on the Monday following the Sunday of All Saints and ends on June 28th, the eve of the feast of Apostles Peter and Paul. According to the ecclesiastical calendar, the Fast of the Holy Apostles never exceeds thirty days. In cases where Holy Easter is celebrated between May 5th and May 8th, this fast may be omitted entirely. During this period, the fast entails abstinence from meat, dairy products, and eggs. During the Fast of the Apostles, fish is permitted when the following circumstances occur: A) on the Feast of the Nativity of Saint John the Forerunner (June 24th), whatever day it may fall on. B) on the Feast day of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul, even if it falls on a Wednesday or Friday. C) on all days except Wednesdays and Fridays. On which other days of the year is strict fast observed There are certain days on which a strict fast is observed: A) The Eve of Theophany, on January 5th, as it precedes the Despotic Feast of the Baptism of the Lord and the celebration of the Great Blessing of the Waters. B) The Exaltation of the Holy Cross, on September 14th, as it is a mournful feast comparable to Great Friday. C) The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist on August 29th, as a sign of mourning for his unjust death. If these three days fall on a Saturday or Sunday, oil is permitted. As for Sundays, fasting is never observed, as it is a day of joy and celebration of the Resurrection of the Lord. Why fasting is strict on Wednesdays and Fridays Strict fasting is observed every Wednesday and Friday throughout the year, during which food must be consumed without oil. According to the tradition of the Orthodox Church, Wednesday is a day of fasting in remembrance of Judas’s betrayal, which took place on a Wednesday. On that same day, the Lord was also brought to trial. Likewise, Friday is considered a day of strict fasting, as on that day the Crucifixion of the Lord took place. Through the act of fasting, the faithful seek God’s mercy and the removal of evil from their lives. Which are the Non Fasting or «Apolytes» Periods The Church has not only appointed fasting periods but also periods of complete no abstinence, known as «apolytes», during which all foods are permitted, even on Wednesdays and Fridays. These periods are as follows: The Holy Twelve Days, from the day of Christmas until the Feast of Theophany (December 25th to January 6th, except for the Eve of Theophany). The three weeks preceding Great Lent, known as the Triodion period. Specifically: A) The first week of the Publican and the Pharisee, during which all foods are permitted. B) The second week, from the Sunday of the Prodigal Son until Meatfare Sunday, during which all foods are consumed but fasting is kept on Wednesday and Friday without oil. C) The third week of Cheesefare, during which meat is avoided throughout the week, but all other foods, including dairy products and eggs, are permitted. 3. Throughout Easter Week, that is, from Easter Sunday until Sunday of St. Thomas. 4. During the week of the Holy Spirit, from Pentecost Sunday until the Sunday of All Saints. 5. When Wednesday or Friday coincides with a feast of the Lord or of the Theotokos. Find here: Monastic Recipes from Mount Athos No abstinence of fasting on Movable Feasts Finally, the no abstinence of fasting related to movable feasts, which are exceptions to the established fasts allowing the consumption of certain foods and are noted for feasts whose dates change each year: Palm Sunday: Fish permitted. Wednesday of Mid-Pentecost: Fish permitted. Wednesday of the Leave-taking (Apodosis) of Easter: Fish permitted. Feast of the Transfiguration: Fish permitted, whatever day it may fall on. Feast of Candlemas: Fish permitted if it falls on a Wednesday or Friday. It is important for all the faithful to understand that fasting is not merely a matter of formal rules and exceptions to be followed, but a holy institution and commandment of the Lord. Fasting is a spiritual struggle with profound meaning, for in this way we express in action our faith and our belonging to the body of the Church. By our stance, we show that we follow the life and journey of the Church within the world.

The great "OXI" of the Greek people: What the newspapers of that time wrote about the declaration of war

"Well, we are at war" This was the historic phrase spoken by the head of the Greek Government, Ioannis Metaxas, when he received the ultimatum from Italy in the early hours of October 28, 1940. In this ultimatum, Italy requested the free passage of its army and the conquest our country. On the same day the Greek people were informed of the ultimatum and General Conscription was declared. King George II and Ioannis Metaxas announced Italy's aggressive intentions and the Greek people rose to the occasion, overflowing with pride and pouring out into the streets, overcoming all fear. That big "OXI" (ochi, meaning no) of the fighters stands as a bright example even today and will continue to shine for generations to come! The Front Pages of the Newspapers The newspapers of the time, the most important means of information for the citizens, captured from the first moment the rapid events of the war and political events. Announcements, important decisions, developments at the front and rousing slogans filled the leaflets every day. Below, we've compiled the front pages of major and minor newspapers as published on October 28 and 29, 1940. ΝΕΑ ΕΛΛΑΣ: “Greece is at war with Italy since yesterday morning” ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ: “Greece is on the verge of war. Our heroic and glorious troops are staunchly defending the motherland. The race was located on the border” ΘΕΣΣΑΛΙΑ: “Since 6 am yesterday, Greece is in a state of war. The proud Greek response to the Italian challenge” Η ΚΑΘΗΜΕΡΙΝΗ: “Greece has been at war with Italy since yesterday” ΤΗΛΕΓΡΑΦΟΣ: “The position of Greece. There was a meeting between Greek and Italian border officers, but news was sought” ΑΣΥΡΜΑΤΟΣ: “Greeks in arms! Hostilities came today” ΘΑΡΡΟΣ: “Since yesterday the Greek troops have been fighting heroically against the Italians. All the military forces of our Nation were already mobilized. Greece, fighting for altars and hearths, sets a wonderful example.” ΕΘΝΟΣ : “For altars and hearths” Η Βραδυνή : “GO PEOPLE OF GREECE” ΑΝΕΞΑΡΤΗΤΟΣ: “Since yesterday morning, Greece has been at war after Italy. The Greek troops fight erratically, pinning the enemy at the border.” ΡΙΖΟΣΠΑΣΤΗΣ: “The "NO" of the Greek people”

Holy Bread Prosphora Seal - the Symbolism of the Offertory

What is the Offertory or Prosphora The Offertory or Prosphora or Holy Bread is the bread offered at church for the celebration of the Holy Eucharist. The wine and the Offertory constitute the Holy Gifts, which are placed initially on the Prothesis or Oblation (from the Greek word προθέτω=προ + τίθημι). During the Proskomide, the Holy Gifts are prepared for the celebration of the Divine Liturgy. Portions of the Offectory are placed on the Disk, while a small amount of wine is poured into the Chalice. Symbolism of the Seal on the Offertory The round shape of the Offectory symbolizes the womb of the Ever-Virgin Mary, from whom the Only-begotten Son was born. On the Offectory, there is an embossed design which is imprinted with a seal. Above the seal, there is the Lamb with the inscription ΙΣ ΧΣ ΝΙΚΑ meaning Jesus Christ Conquers, which must be clearly visible. From the center of the Offectory, where the inscription is located, the Lamb of God, Jesus Christ, originates. This square portion will be used for the Holy Communion and will become the "Body of Christ." Find here: Liturgical Lances & Chrialides for Orthodox Church Ceremony Why Christ is called the Lamb Jesus Christ is referred to as the Lamb because the Prophet Isaiah foretold that the Messiah would be led to sacrifice like an innocent lamb. This prophecy was confirmed by Saint John the Baptist, who pointed out the Messiah to his disciples, saying: «Look the Lamb of God» (John 1:29). Furthermore, the Apostle Peter writes: «You were redeemed from the empty way of life... with the precious blood of Christ, a lamb without blemish or defect» (1 Peter 1:18–19). Find here: Wooden Seals for Prosphora from Mount Athos What is the place of Theotokos on Prosphoro The Offectory also includes a portion dedicated to the Theotokos, bearing the greek letters Μ and Θ, which stand for "Mother of God" (in Greek Μήτηρ Θεού). This triangular portion is placed to the right of the Lamb on the Disk, accompanied by the following words: «In honor and memory of our most holy, blessed and glorious Lady, the Theotokos and Ever-Virgin Mary, through whose intercessions, O Lord, accept this sacrifice upon Your heavenly altar» This is followed by the 10th verse of Psalm 44: «The daughters of kings are among your honored women; the queen stands at your right hand, adorned with the gold of Ophir.» The adobe verses reveal that the Virgin Mary holds the foremost place of honor in the Kingdom of God. Find here: All the articles with Miraculous Icons of the Theotokos on Mount Athos Who is commemorated in the portions of the Holy Bread To the right side of the Prosphoron, there are nine small triangular portions from which the commemorations of angels and all the saints are extracted. These portions are placed to the left of the Lamb. The saints that are commemorated, include the Prophets, Apostles, Hierarchs, Martyrs, Ascetics, Unmercenaries, the Forefathers of Christ, the Saint of the Day, and the Father of the Church who authored the Liturgy being celebrated. Although the Second Coming of the Lord has not yet occurred, and the saints have not fully entered into Paradise, they benefit from being commemorated in the Divine Liturgy. Over time, they receive greater divine blessings, and their state will be perfected when they enter the eternal Kingdom. As noted by Cabasilas, the Holy Eucharist is also offered as thanksgiving to God for the gift of the saints, who serve as paradigms for all Christians. The saints intercede for the faithful, offering guidance and assistance through their prayers. Find here: Wooden Seals for Prosphora from Mount Athos Portions for the living and the departed From other sections of the Prosphora, portions are offered on behalf of the living and the departed members of the Orthodox Church. These portions are placed in front of the Lamb. Shortly before Holy Communion, during the mingling of the Body and Blood, the celebrant places these portions into the Chalice, praying: «Wash away, O Lord, the sins of all those here commemorated with Your precious Blood, through the intercessions of the Theotokos and all Your saints. Amen.» This act signifies the complete cleansing of sins for those commemorated, through the offering of Christ’s sacrifice. At the beginning of the Proskomide, the priest raises the Offectory to the height of the forehead. This gesture symbolizes the lifting of Jesus Christ on the Cross, where He shed His precious Blood for the salvation of humanity. Find here: Wooden Seals for Prosphora from Mount Athos Read here: Prayer for the Departed - What dates are All Souls Day? Read here: Koliva: the symbolism of the ingredients and how we decorate them

Saint Demetrios : the Life and Martyrdom of the Saint – Celebrates October 26

When did Saint Demetrius live and where was he born? Saint Demetrios was born in Thessaloniki, Greece, between 280 - 284 AD. and lived in the period of the Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. He came from an aristocratic family and in a short period of time rose to the top ranks in the Roman army. In fact, at the age of 22 he received the rank of Chiliarch. The conversion of Saint Demetrius to Christianity In 303 AD Saint Demetrios became a Christian while serving as an officer in the Roman army under the command of the Tetrarch Galerius Maximianus. As soon as the Saint's faith became known, the emperor Diocletian ordered his imprisonment, on the charge that he had ignored the imperial decree "rejecting Christianity". Here you can find icons of Saint Demetrios Myrovlitis. When Saint Demetrius met with Nestor Inside the prison, Saint Demetrios met another young Christian, Nestor, who was going to duel with the fearsome gladiator of the time, Lyaeus. Nestor, shortly before his duel, met with Saint Demetrios and asked to help him. Saint Demetrios granted his wish and Nestor defeated Lyaios! This angered the Emperor and he immediately ordered both of them to be put to death. How Saint Demetrius is depicted in Byzantine icons In Byzantine icons and modern Hagiography, Saint Demetrios is shown several times as a rider on a red horse trampling the infidel Lyaeus. The place where the Saint was martyred and his tomb The body of Saint Demetrios was buried in the place of his martyrdom, in the Crypt located in the Holy Church of Saint Demetrios in Thessaloniki. From the tomb of the Saint, it was created a well that gushed forth myrrh, a fact that gave the Saint the nickname “myrrh-gusher” (Myrovlitis). Here you can read about the Crypt and Tomb of Saint Demetrios in Thessaloniki. Dismissal Hymn of St Demetrios the Great Martyr The whole world has found you as a mighty champion in dangers, O victor, who rout the nations. Therefore as you destroyed the pride of Lyaios in the stadium by giving Nestor courage, holy great Martyr Demetrios, implore Christ God to grant us his great mercy Ἀπολυτίκιον Μέγαν εὕρατο ἐv τοῖς κιvδύvοις, σὲ ὑπέρμαχοv, ἡ οἰκουμένη, Ἀθλοφόρε τὰ ἔθνη τροπούμενον. Ὡς οὖν Λυαίου καθεῖλες τὴν ἔπαρσιν, ἐν τῷ σταδίῳ θαῤῥύvας τὸν Νέστορα, οὕτως Ἅγιε, Μεγαλομάρτυς Δημήτριε, Χριστὸν τὸν Θεὸν ἱκέτευε, δωρήσασθαι ἡμῖν τὸ μέγα ἔλεος.