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Orthodox Fasting: Rules and Guidance of Orthodox Church

The practice of fasting is mentioned both in the Old and the New Testament, constituting a divine commandment and a timeless religious tradition. According to the Holy Fathers of our Church, fasting is the first commandment given to human by God. In the Gospel according to Matthew, we encounter the following passages: «Moreover, when you fast, do not be like the [a]hypocrites, with a sad countenance. For they disfigure their faces that they may appear to men to be fasting. Assuredly, I say to you, they have their reward.» (Matt. 6:16–18). Jesus Christ further emphasized the value of fasting, saying: «However, this kind does not go out except by prayer and fasting.» (Matt. 17:21) 1. The Fast of the Great Lent One of the most important and longest fasting periods of our Church is the Fast of the Great Lent, which begins on Clean Monday (or Pure Monday) and ends on the Sunday of the Resurrection. It is the strictest fast of the entire year. Through the fast of Great Lent, we prepare ourselves to participate in the Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ and in the joy of His Resurrection. Find here: What we eat at Great Lent: Rules and Exceptions about Fasting From which foods we abstain during Great Lent During Great Lent, the consumption of meat, fish, dairy products, eggs, olive oil, and wine is not permitted. Olives are permitted, as they are consumed as fruit, while oil may be consumed only on Saturdays and Sundays. Find here: Fasting Recipes without Oil Exceptions to the Fast of Great Lent The period of Great Lent includes certain days when exceptions to the general fasting rules apply. A) On March 25th, the Feast of the Annunciation of the Theotokos, as well as on Palm Sunday, fish may be consumed. B) On March 26th, the day dedicated to the memory of the Holy Forty Martyrs, oil and wine may be consumed C) On Holy Saturday, a strict fast is kept, without oil or wine. 2. The Fast of Christmas Christmas fast, also called the Forty Days or Little Lent, is not characterized by the same strictness as the fast of Great Lent. Christmas fast begins on November 15th and is completed on December 24th, the eve of the feast. During this period, the consumption of meat, dairy products, and eggs is prohibited. By contrast, the following foods are permitted under certain conditions: A) Fish may be consumed every day except Wednesdays and Fridays until December 17th. This duration, which consists of the first 33 days, corresponds to the years that Jesus Christ lived on earth. B) Fish is permitted on November 21st, the Feast of the Presentation of the Theotokos to the Temple, regardless of the day of the week. C) Oil and wine are permitted from December 18th to December 23rd, except on Wednesdays and Fridays. Find here: Monastic Recipes with Fish 3. The Fast of the Dormition of the Theotokos During the period of the feast of the Dormition of the Theotokos, the fast is strict. This is observed to honor and glorify the greatest feast of the Mother of God in Orthodoxy. Specifically, we abstain from eating oil on all days, with the following exceptions: A) On Saturdays and Sundays, oil and wine are permitted. B) Fish is allowed only on the Feast of the Transfiguration of the Savior, which is on August 6th. C) Fish is also permitted if the Feast of the Dormition (August 15th) falls on a Wednesday or Friday. 4. The Fast of the Holy Apostles The fast of the Holy Apostles bears their name because it precedes two great apostolic feasts. The Feast of the Holy Glorious Apostles Peter and Paul, celebrated on June 29th and the Synaxis of the Twelve Apostles, celebrated on the following day, June 30th. This fast is short in duration and variable, since its beginning depends on the date of Easter, which is movable. It begins on the Monday following the Sunday of All Saints and ends on June 28th, the eve of the feast of Apostles Peter and Paul. According to the ecclesiastical calendar, the Fast of the Holy Apostles never exceeds thirty days. In cases where Holy Easter is celebrated between May 5th and May 8th, this fast may be omitted entirely. During this period, the fast entails abstinence from meat, dairy products, and eggs. During the Fast of the Apostles, fish is permitted when the following circumstances occur: A) on the Feast of the Nativity of Saint John the Forerunner (June 24th), whatever day it may fall on. B) on the Feast day of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul, even if it falls on a Wednesday or Friday. C) on all days except Wednesdays and Fridays. On which other days of the year is strict fast observed There are certain days on which a strict fast is observed: A) The Eve of Theophany, on January 5th, as it precedes the Despotic Feast of the Baptism of the Lord and the celebration of the Great Blessing of the Waters. B) The Exaltation of the Holy Cross, on September 14th, as it is a mournful feast comparable to Great Friday. C) The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist on August 29th, as a sign of mourning for his unjust death. If these three days fall on a Saturday or Sunday, oil is permitted. As for Sundays, fasting is never observed, as it is a day of joy and celebration of the Resurrection of the Lord. Why fasting is strict on Wednesdays and Fridays Strict fasting is observed every Wednesday and Friday throughout the year, during which food must be consumed without oil. According to the tradition of the Orthodox Church, Wednesday is a day of fasting in remembrance of Judas’s betrayal, which took place on a Wednesday. On that same day, the Lord was also brought to trial. Likewise, Friday is considered a day of strict fasting, as on that day the Crucifixion of the Lord took place. Through the act of fasting, the faithful seek God’s mercy and the removal of evil from their lives. Which are the Non Fasting or «Apolytes» Periods The Church has not only appointed fasting periods but also periods of complete no abstinence, known as «apolytes», during which all foods are permitted, even on Wednesdays and Fridays. These periods are as follows: The Holy Twelve Days, from the day of Christmas until the Feast of Theophany (December 25th to January 6th, except for the Eve of Theophany). The three weeks preceding Great Lent, known as the Triodion period. Specifically: A) The first week of the Publican and the Pharisee, during which all foods are permitted. B) The second week, from the Sunday of the Prodigal Son until Meatfare Sunday, during which all foods are consumed but fasting is kept on Wednesday and Friday without oil. C) The third week of Cheesefare, during which meat is avoided throughout the week, but all other foods, including dairy products and eggs, are permitted. 3. Throughout Easter Week, that is, from Easter Sunday until Sunday of St. Thomas. 4. During the week of the Holy Spirit, from Pentecost Sunday until the Sunday of All Saints. 5. When Wednesday or Friday coincides with a feast of the Lord or of the Theotokos. Find here: Monastic Recipes from Mount Athos No abstinence of fasting on Movable Feasts Finally, the no abstinence of fasting related to movable feasts, which are exceptions to the established fasts allowing the consumption of certain foods and are noted for feasts whose dates change each year: Palm Sunday: Fish permitted. Wednesday of Mid-Pentecost: Fish permitted. Wednesday of the Leave-taking (Apodosis) of Easter: Fish permitted. Feast of the Transfiguration: Fish permitted, whatever day it may fall on. Feast of Candlemas: Fish permitted if it falls on a Wednesday or Friday. It is important for all the faithful to understand that fasting is not merely a matter of formal rules and exceptions to be followed, but a holy institution and commandment of the Lord. Fasting is a spiritual struggle with profound meaning, for in this way we express in action our faith and our belonging to the body of the Church. By our stance, we show that we follow the life and journey of the Church within the world.

Orthodox Prayer for the new day that is rising - Morning Prayer

Grant unto me, my Lord, that with peace in mind I may face all that this new day is to bring. Grant unto me grace to surrender myself completely to Thy holy will. Instruct and prepare me in all things for every hour of this day. Whatsoever tidings I may receive during the day, do Thou teach me to accept them calmly, in the firm conviction that all eventualities fulfill Thy holy will. Govern Thou my thoughts and feelings in all I do and say. When things unforeseen occur, let me not forget that all cometh down from Thee. Teach me to behave sincerely and reasonable toward every member of my family and all other human beings, that I may not cause confusion and sorrow to anyone. Bestow upon me, my Lord, strength to endure the fatigue of the day and to bear my share in all its passing events. Guide Thou my will and teach me to pray, to believe, to hope, to suffer, to forgive, and to love. Amen.

Lord's Prayer: Our Father, who art in heaven

Our Father, who art in heaven,hallowed be Thy name.Thy Kingdom come, Thy will be done,on earth as it is in heaven.Give us this day our daily bread;and forgive us our trespassesas we forgive those who trespass against us; and lead us not into temptation,but deliver us from evil.

The great "OXI" of the Greek people: What the newspapers of that time wrote about the declaration of war

"Well, we are at war" This was the historic phrase spoken by the head of the Greek Government, Ioannis Metaxas, when he received the ultimatum from Italy in the early hours of October 28, 1940. In this ultimatum, Italy requested the free passage of its army and the conquest our country. On the same day the Greek people were informed of the ultimatum and General Conscription was declared. King George II and Ioannis Metaxas announced Italy's aggressive intentions and the Greek people rose to the occasion, overflowing with pride and pouring out into the streets, overcoming all fear. That big "OXI" (ochi, meaning no) of the fighters stands as a bright example even today and will continue to shine for generations to come! The Front Pages of the Newspapers The newspapers of the time, the most important means of information for the citizens, captured from the first moment the rapid events of the war and political events. Announcements, important decisions, developments at the front and rousing slogans filled the leaflets every day. Below, we've compiled the front pages of major and minor newspapers as published on October 28 and 29, 1940. ΝΕΑ ΕΛΛΑΣ: “Greece is at war with Italy since yesterday morning” ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ: “Greece is on the verge of war. Our heroic and glorious troops are staunchly defending the motherland. The race was located on the border” ΘΕΣΣΑΛΙΑ: “Since 6 am yesterday, Greece is in a state of war. The proud Greek response to the Italian challenge” Η ΚΑΘΗΜΕΡΙΝΗ: “Greece has been at war with Italy since yesterday” ΤΗΛΕΓΡΑΦΟΣ: “The position of Greece. There was a meeting between Greek and Italian border officers, but news was sought” ΑΣΥΡΜΑΤΟΣ: “Greeks in arms! Hostilities came today” ΘΑΡΡΟΣ: “Since yesterday the Greek troops have been fighting heroically against the Italians. All the military forces of our Nation were already mobilized. Greece, fighting for altars and hearths, sets a wonderful example.” ΕΘΝΟΣ : “For altars and hearths” Η Βραδυνή : “GO PEOPLE OF GREECE” ΑΝΕΞΑΡΤΗΤΟΣ: “Since yesterday morning, Greece has been at war after Italy. The Greek troops fight erratically, pinning the enemy at the border.” ΡΙΖΟΣΠΑΣΤΗΣ: “The "NO" of the Greek people”

Holy Bread Prosphora Seal - the Symbolism of the Offertory

What is the Offertory or Prosphora The Offertory or Prosphora or Holy Bread is the bread offered at church for the celebration of the Holy Eucharist. The wine and the Offertory constitute the Holy Gifts, which are placed initially on the Prothesis or Oblation (from the Greek word προθέτω=προ + τίθημι). During the Proskomide, the Holy Gifts are prepared for the celebration of the Divine Liturgy. Portions of the Offectory are placed on the Disk, while a small amount of wine is poured into the Chalice. Symbolism of the Seal on the Offertory The round shape of the Offectory symbolizes the womb of the Ever-Virgin Mary, from whom the Only-begotten Son was born. On the Offectory, there is an embossed design which is imprinted with a seal. Above the seal, there is the Lamb with the inscription ΙΣ ΧΣ ΝΙΚΑ meaning Jesus Christ Conquers, which must be clearly visible. From the center of the Offectory, where the inscription is located, the Lamb of God, Jesus Christ, originates. This square portion will be used for the Holy Communion and will become the "Body of Christ." Find here: Liturgical Lances & Chrialides for Orthodox Church Ceremony Why Christ is called the Lamb Jesus Christ is referred to as the Lamb because the Prophet Isaiah foretold that the Messiah would be led to sacrifice like an innocent lamb. This prophecy was confirmed by Saint John the Baptist, who pointed out the Messiah to his disciples, saying: «Look the Lamb of God» (John 1:29). Furthermore, the Apostle Peter writes: «You were redeemed from the empty way of life... with the precious blood of Christ, a lamb without blemish or defect» (1 Peter 1:18–19). Find here: Wooden Seals for Prosphora from Mount Athos What is the place of Theotokos on Prosphoro The Offectory also includes a portion dedicated to the Theotokos, bearing the greek letters Μ and Θ, which stand for "Mother of God" (in Greek Μήτηρ Θεού). This triangular portion is placed to the right of the Lamb on the Disk, accompanied by the following words: «In honor and memory of our most holy, blessed and glorious Lady, the Theotokos and Ever-Virgin Mary, through whose intercessions, O Lord, accept this sacrifice upon Your heavenly altar» This is followed by the 10th verse of Psalm 44: «The daughters of kings are among your honored women; the queen stands at your right hand, adorned with the gold of Ophir.» The adobe verses reveal that the Virgin Mary holds the foremost place of honor in the Kingdom of God. Find here: All the articles with Miraculous Icons of the Theotokos on Mount Athos Who is commemorated in the portions of the Holy Bread To the right side of the Prosphoron, there are nine small triangular portions from which the commemorations of angels and all the saints are extracted. These portions are placed to the left of the Lamb. The saints that are commemorated, include the Prophets, Apostles, Hierarchs, Martyrs, Ascetics, Unmercenaries, the Forefathers of Christ, the Saint of the Day, and the Father of the Church who authored the Liturgy being celebrated. Although the Second Coming of the Lord has not yet occurred, and the saints have not fully entered into Paradise, they benefit from being commemorated in the Divine Liturgy. Over time, they receive greater divine blessings, and their state will be perfected when they enter the eternal Kingdom. As noted by Cabasilas, the Holy Eucharist is also offered as thanksgiving to God for the gift of the saints, who serve as paradigms for all Christians. The saints intercede for the faithful, offering guidance and assistance through their prayers. Find here: Wooden Seals for Prosphora from Mount Athos Portions for the living and the departed From other sections of the Prosphora, portions are offered on behalf of the living and the departed members of the Orthodox Church. These portions are placed in front of the Lamb. Shortly before Holy Communion, during the mingling of the Body and Blood, the celebrant places these portions into the Chalice, praying: «Wash away, O Lord, the sins of all those here commemorated with Your precious Blood, through the intercessions of the Theotokos and all Your saints. Amen.» This act signifies the complete cleansing of sins for those commemorated, through the offering of Christ’s sacrifice. At the beginning of the Proskomide, the priest raises the Offectory to the height of the forehead. This gesture symbolizes the lifting of Jesus Christ on the Cross, where He shed His precious Blood for the salvation of humanity. Find here: Wooden Seals for Prosphora from Mount Athos Read here: Prayer for the Departed - What dates are All Souls Day? Read here: Koliva: the symbolism of the ingredients and how we decorate them

Saint Demetrios : the Life and Martyrdom of the Saint – Celebrates October 26

When did Saint Demetrius live and where was he born? Saint Demetrios was born in Thessaloniki, Greece, between 280 - 284 AD. and lived in the period of the Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. He came from an aristocratic family and in a short period of time rose to the top ranks in the Roman army. In fact, at the age of 22 he received the rank of Chiliarch. The conversion of Saint Demetrius to Christianity In 303 AD Saint Demetrios became a Christian while serving as an officer in the Roman army under the command of the Tetrarch Galerius Maximianus. As soon as the Saint's faith became known, the emperor Diocletian ordered his imprisonment, on the charge that he had ignored the imperial decree "rejecting Christianity". Here you can find icons of Saint Demetrios Myrovlitis. When Saint Demetrius met with Nestor Inside the prison, Saint Demetrios met another young Christian, Nestor, who was going to duel with the fearsome gladiator of the time, Lyaeus. Nestor, shortly before his duel, met with Saint Demetrios and asked to help him. Saint Demetrios granted his wish and Nestor defeated Lyaios! This angered the Emperor and he immediately ordered both of them to be put to death. How Saint Demetrius is depicted in Byzantine icons In Byzantine icons and modern Hagiography, Saint Demetrios is shown several times as a rider on a red horse trampling the infidel Lyaeus. The place where the Saint was martyred and his tomb The body of Saint Demetrios was buried in the place of his martyrdom, in the Crypt located in the Holy Church of Saint Demetrios in Thessaloniki. From the tomb of the Saint, it was created a well that gushed forth myrrh, a fact that gave the Saint the nickname “myrrh-gusher” (Myrovlitis). Here you can read about the Crypt and Tomb of Saint Demetrios in Thessaloniki. Dismissal Hymn of St Demetrios the Great Martyr The whole world has found you as a mighty champion in dangers, O victor, who rout the nations. Therefore as you destroyed the pride of Lyaios in the stadium by giving Nestor courage, holy great Martyr Demetrios, implore Christ God to grant us his great mercy Ἀπολυτίκιον Μέγαν εὕρατο ἐv τοῖς κιvδύvοις, σὲ ὑπέρμαχοv, ἡ οἰκουμένη, Ἀθλοφόρε τὰ ἔθνη τροπούμενον. Ὡς οὖν Λυαίου καθεῖλες τὴν ἔπαρσιν, ἐν τῷ σταδίῳ θαῤῥύvας τὸν Νέστορα, οὕτως Ἅγιε, Μεγαλομάρτυς Δημήτριε, Χριστὸν τὸν Θεὸν ἱκέτευε, δωρήσασθαι ἡμῖν τὸ μέγα ἔλεος.

Holy Protection - Holy Skepe of the Virgin Mary

The appearance of the Virgin Mary to Saint Andreas During the period of 457-474 AD, when Emperor Leo the Great was king, Saint Andrew the First-Called lived in Constantinople. One night, during a vigil at the temple of Panagia of Blachernae, Saint Andrew and his disciple Epiphanius, who later became Patriarch of Constantinople (520-536 AD), saw the Holy Mother of God, entering the temple through its central gate. Alongside the Most Holy Theotokos were a multitude of angels, as well as John the Baptist with John the Theologian. The prayer of the Virgin Mary After entering the temple, the Virgin Mary proceeded to the solea (part of the nave which stretches in front of the sanctuary) and prayed for a considerable time, with warm tears, for the salvation of the faithful christians. This event was visible only to Andrew and Epiphanius. Find here: Silver Cross with Virgin Mary Holy Skepe After her prayer, the Theotokos stood up and entered the chancel, where her veil, namely her maphorion (long shawl worn over the head and shoulders), was kept. She took it in her hands and laid it over the christians, who were outside. In this way, she wished to show that she cares and protects them. When does Holy Skepe celebrate Our Church commemorates this event on October 28, along with the national celebration for the liberation of Greece from Italian-German occupation. It is therefore a feast in honor of the Virgin Mary, who cares and protects the people of God and illuminates the faithful on the path to perfection with her prayers, invocations and tears. Find here: Metal Neck Cross Holy Skepe

Holy Church of Saint Demetrios in Thessaloniki: the Crypt of the Temple and the Tomb of Saint Demetrios (photos)

The Church of Saint Demetrios in Thessaloniki - UNESCO World Heritage Site The Holy Church of Saint Demetrios in Thessaloniki is located at the center of the city, above the ancient Roman Agora. Since 1988, the Temple has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites and is the most important early Christian monument in the city. What did the excavations reveal? As evidenced by the excavations, the Church of Saint Demetrios is built in a place where the public baths operated during the Roman period. According to the tradition, Saint Demetrios was imprisoned and martyred with a spear, in this exact place. Later, in the year 313 AD after the Edict of Milan, a small church was built over the Saint's tomb. Many believers flocked to this small church to worship the Saint's tomb and pray for healing from serious illnesses. Among the pilgrims was the eparch of Illyricum Leontius. He himself was cured of a serious illness and in order to show his gratitude, he built a magnificent Church in honor of Saint Demetrios, on the spot where the small church had been until recently. In the imposing temple, which was completed in the 5th century, the tomb of the Saint Demetrios was also moved, inside a ciborium in the middle aisle. Today, this crypt is in the north aisle. In the year 620 AD a great earthquake destroyed the temple, and it was rebuilt in the 7th century, according to the model of the original temple. The Church of Saint Demetrios continued to radiate and attract multitude of believers throughout the Byzantine period. The period of Turkish rule During the Turkish occupation, from 1493 when Thessaloniki was conquered by the Turks, the Church of Saint Demetrios was converted into a mosque with the name Kasimiye Camii. At that time, Christian worship was limited to a small area, where the cenotaph of the Saint was created. The full operation of the Church returned to the faithful in 1912 with the liberation of Thessaloniki. The Architecture of the Temple The Holy Church of Saint Dimitrios architecturally has the type of the pentacle Basilica. The nine mosaic paintings, as well as the offerings (tama) are of special historical and aesthetic value. They date from the 6th and 7th centuries and are located on the columns (pessos) of the Holy Step. The Crypt and the galleries under the Temple: the place where Saint Demetrios was imprisoned and martyred A whole complex of arcades with corridors and strong pillars is located under the Sanctuary of today's Church of Saint Demetrios. During Roman times, this space was on the ground floor and was the bathhouse. Later, a fountain with five niches and arcades was formed. After the foundation of the first great Temple in the 5th century, the faithful honored Saint Demetrios through the holy water that flowed in the fountain from a water well that is still preserved today, on the northern side of the Sanctuary. In addition, in the Crypt we find a Chapel with an opening on the east side, which was originally connected to the fountain and the Sanctuary of the Temple. This exact spot is considered the place where Saint Demetrios Myrovlytis was martyred. Here you can find icons of Saint Demetrios Myrovlitis. In modern history, the Crypt came to light in 1917 after the devastating fire that leveled the city of Thessaloniki. Extensive restoration and maintenance work highlighted the catacombs and the importance of the site. In 1988, the gates were officially opened to the public in the form of a museum exhibition. Today, in the area of the Crypt, various objects are displayed in which the faithful kept the myrrh, such as vases, clay, metal and glass containers. In addition, in some places we find traces of frescoes, sculptures and inscriptions, which date back to the 5th century. The Chapel of the tomb of Saint Dimitrios and Saint Euthymios In the area of the church, there is also the chapel of the tomb of Saint Dimitrios. The tomb was originally located under the Holy Altar in the Sanctuary. However, probably for practical reasons, the Saint's tomb was moved to that spot to facilitate the faithful who wanted to worship the tomb, during the period of the Turkish occupation. At the same time, to the right of the Sanctuary we find the chapel of Saint Euthymios, which dates back to the 13th century. The frescoes that adorn the chapel are characteristic. According to evidence, the frescoes belong to the well-known iconographer Manuel Panselinos from Thessaloniki. These frescoes show remarkable similarities with the frescoes that we find in the Protatus of the Karyes of Mount Athos, which were created by Panselinos in the period from 1282 to 1328. Here you can read about the life of Saint Demetrios. Dismissal Hymn of St Demetrios the Great Martyr The whole world has found you as a mighty champion in dangers, O victor, who rout the nations. Therefore as you destroyed the pride of Lyaios in the stadium by giving Nestor courage, holy great Martyr Demetrios, implore Christ God to grant us his great mercy Ἀπολυτίκιον Μέγαν εὕρατο ἐv τοῖς κιvδύvοις, σὲ ὑπέρμαχοv, ἡ οἰκουμένη, Ἀθλοφόρε τὰ ἔθνη τροπούμενον. Ὡς οὖν Λυαίου καθεῖλες τὴν ἔπαρσιν, ἐν τῷ σταδίῳ θαῤῥύvας τὸν Νέστορα, οὕτως Ἅγιε, Μεγαλομάρτυς Δημήτριε, Χριστὸν τὸν Θεὸν ἱκέτευε, δωρήσασθαι ἡμῖν τὸ μέγα ἔλεος.

Holy Monastery of Stavronikita: the unique icon of Saint Nikolaos Streidas in the smallest monastery of Mount Athos

Where is the Holy Monastery of Stavronikita? The Holy Monastery of Stavronikita is the smallest Monastery of Mount Athos in terms of size. It is located on the eastern side of the peninsula at an altitude of 50m, between the Monasteries of Iviron and Pantokratoros, overlooking the Strymonikos gulf. The Stavronikita Monastery celebrates on December 6th of Saint Nikolaos and is in the 15th place in the hierarchy of the monasteries of Mount Athos. Who is the founder of the Stavronikita Monastery? The beginning of the history Stavronikita Monastery is lost in the 10th and 11th centuries. Historical information and testimonies about the establishment of the Monastery are limited, however an official document of Protos Nikephoros in 1012, confirms that the Monastery functioned as a Cell since the 10th century. There are several versions of the foundation of the Stavronikita Monastery. It is most likely that the founder of the Monastery was an officer of Tsimiskis, named Nikitas or Stavronikitas Nikephoros. Also, there is also the hypothesis that the establishment of the Monastery is due to two monks, Stavros and Nikitas. The Holy Monastery of Stavronikita over the centuries: a brief history of the monastery In the 12th century the Holy Monastery of Stavronikita fell into decline due to pirate raids and in the 13th century it came under the control of Holy Monastery of Koutloumusiou. In the 16th century, Stavronikita Monastery was already a part of Holy Monastery Filotheou, while in 1533 the abbot of Holy Monastery Giromeriou, hieromonk Grigorios, bought Stavronikita from Filotheou. Grigorios Geromeriatis became the first ruler of the Monastery and made honorable efforts to renovate it and fortify it with walls. Then, Patriarch Jeremias I completed the strengthening of the Monastery with new buildings, while at the same time he endowed it with important shares in Kassandra and Lemnos. The monastery returned to the communal system and with a patriarchal seal declared it Patriarchal and Stavropigik. To this day, the monks of Stavronikita Monastery honor Grigorios Geromeriatis and Patriarch Jeremiah as the second founders of the Monastery. Fires hit the Holy Monastery of Stavronikita In its historical course, the Stavronikita Monastery was tested five times by fires. The first fire of 1607 incinerated a large part of its buildings, as a result of which the reconstruction began from the beginning. In the 17th century, the ruler of Wallachia, Sherban Kandakouzinos, greatly helped the Monastery and built an aqueduct. In the 18th century, the ruler of Wallachia, Alexandros Ghikas, became a benefactor of the Monastery, after offering it the Monastery of the Holy Apostles in Bucharest. In 1741, 1864, 1874 and 1879 the Stavronikita Monastery burned again. The last one was the most destructive fire. Like other monasteries of Mount Athos, the Holy Monastery of Stavronikita was brought to its knees financially by the exorbitant taxes it had to pay during the period of the Turkish occupation. However, the debt was paid off after the superhuman efforts of the abbot of the Holy Monastery of Vatopedi, Theofilos. In recent years, in 1968, the Stavronikita Monastery gained life again with the arrival of a new fraternity and was transformed from an idiosyncratic to a communal administration. The Church of the Monastery and the hagiographies by Theophanis The Church of the Stavronikita Monastery was chronicled in 1546 by the famous representative of the Cretan school Theophanis, together with his son Symeon. The refectory (trapeza) of the monastery was also painted by Theophanis' hand, as well as the twelve portable icons. The Library and the relics of the Stavronikita Monastery In the sacristy of the Monastery of Stavronikita there are many relics of Saints, liturgical utensils and vestments and many portable icons of great historical and religious value. One of the most important relics of the monastery is the mosaic icon of Saint Nikolaos, the so-called "Stridas " (=oyster), a work of the 13th-14th century. The icon was probably thrown into the sea by Catalan pirates in 1306. When it was found, in 1859, there was an eight-centimeter crack in the Saint's forehead, on which an oyster lived. Thus, the icon received the patronymic " Saint Nikolaos Streidas or Astreidas". Here you can find an image of Agios Nikolaos the Streidas. The monastery has in its possession 171 manuscripts, 2 cotton silks, 3 parchment scrolls and a large number of forms. Noteworthy is a 12th-century Evangelistarion psalter with golden letters (parchment code no. 46). In terms of metochia, the Stavronikita Monastery has 33 Huts in the settlement of Kapsala and 4 Cells. Also, the Monastery has 6 chapels. Contact with Monastery of Stavronikita: Phone: +30 23770 23255 Email: -

Saint Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai: the holy place revered by all religions

Saint Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai Mount Sinai is considered a holy place, not only for Christianity, but also for Muslims and Jews. Thus, the Saint Catherine's Monastery is respected and protected by all religions. In fact, the prophet of Islam, Muhammad, established the document "Ashtiname" with which he placed the Monastery under his protection. According to tradition, Mount Sinai is where God gave Moses the tablets of the Law with the Ten Commandments (Exodus 19). For this reason, Mount Sinai also received the name Jabal Musa (Mountain of Moses). The highest peak of the mountain has a height of 2,240 meters and is two hours' walk from the Holy Monastery of Saint Catherine. The Holy Monastery of Saint Catherine is considered the oldest Christian monastery in the world, together with the Holy Monastery of Saint Anthony near Cairo. Since 2003, the Monastery has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites. When was the Holy Monastery of Saint Catherine in Sinai built? Initially, on the spot where Moses heard the Divine Voice, the chapel of "Burning Bath" was built by Saint Helen, mother of Emperor Constantine. According to testimonies, the first hermit monks appeared in the area in 381-384 AD. Then, during the 6th century, the emperor Justinian I, in an effort to protect the monks who lived there, but also the chapel from the various raids and looting, ordered the construction of the monastery. Thus, in the years 527 – 565, a large wall was built around the chapel, as well as auxiliary buildings that helped in the fortification and protection of the monastic life. It is characteristic that even today the emperor Justinian and Queen Theodora are remembered as the founders of the Monastery. The monastery is dedicated to Saint Catherine as there was a belief that the holy relics of the Saint were miraculously transferred to the monastery. According to tradition, after the martyrdom and beheading of Saint Catherine, angels took her body and carried it to the highest peak of Mount Sinai, where it still bears her name. Here you can find handmade iconography with Saint Catherine of Sinai. The uninterrupted course of the Monastery over the centuries The Holy Monastery of Saint Catherine has an continuous course for 17 centuries, as it was never abandoned! Even after 641 AD when Egypt was under Arab rule, the monastery continued its monastic life ceaseless. Even today, the peaceful coexistence of the Christian monks with the Muslim Bedouins of the region is admirable. Over the centuries, the Monastery of Saint Catherine received the respect and privileges of many rulers, both from the sultans of Egypt, and from Orthodox rulers of Russia and the Transdanubian states. The radiation of the monastery was so great that, when in 1798 an earthquake destroyed the north wall of the Monastery, Napoleon's army himself helped in the restoration. Jesus Christ of Sinai According to official records, Mount Sinai is home to a great number of Byzantine icons. The monastery of Saint Catherine has been turned into a "museum of Byzantine icons", as it houses more than 2,000 icons, 500 of which date between the 6th and 15th centuries. This rich list of icons also includes the rare "wax" encaustic icons of the 6th century. One of the oldest and most valuable icons in the Monastery of Saint Catherine is the icon of Jesus Christ of Sinai, an impressive and imposing icon in life size (84 x 46 cm). This is the oldest depiction of Jesus Christ, which dates back to the 6th century. This icon is one of the few that survived from the Iconoclasm period. The icon depicts Jesus Christ Pantocrator blessing with his right hand and holding the Gospel with his left. The most characteristic element of the icon is the slight asymmetry found in Jesus' eyes. The transcendent gaze of the Lord and the portrait features capture the union of divine and human nature in the face of the God-man. Here you can find icons and handmade iconography with Jesus Christ of Sinai. The rare manuscripts of the monastery More than 3000 Codices are stored in the Holy Monastery of Saint Catherine. Some of them have been written in the monastery, while others come from Constantinople or are gifts from Byzantine emperors. Unfortunately, some of the wealth of the monastery lies elsewhere - outside the monastery. A typical example is the Codex Sinaiticus, which dates back to the 4th century. In fact, it is the oldest manuscript code that includes the complete text of the New Testament in capital letters and a large part of the Old Testament. The Codex Sinaiticus is considered the most valuable manuscript in the world and until the 19th century it was in the Monastery of Saint Catherine. Today the Codex Sinaiticus is in the British Museum. Here you can find icons and handmade hagiographies with Saint Catherine.

Why we use Incense in Orthodox Faith: Symbolism and Prayers

Incense and Frankincense: What’s the Difference Since ancient times, incense refers to the aromatic resin or gum (a sticky substance) extracted from cuts made in the trunk of the cedar tree of Lebanon (cedrus libani), from which the word “libani” is derived. Although the terms incense and frankincense are often used as synonyms, they don’t identify. Frankincense is one of the ingredients of incense. According to divine command in the Old Testament, incense was required to contain four main components: mastic, onycha, galbanum, and pure frankincense (Exodus 30:34-38). Thus, a specialized perfumer crafted this fragrant mixture, adding a pinch of salt to purify it. In the time of Jesus Christ, incense contained 13 aromatic components, as noted by Josephus. The Lord also said to Moses, «Take sweet spices, stacte and onycha and galbanum, and pure frankincense with these sweet spices; there shall be equal amounts of each. 35 You shall make of these an incense, a compound according to the art of the perfumer, salted, pure, and holy. 36 And you shall beat some of it very fine, and put some of it before the Testimony in the tabernacle of meeting where I will meet with you. It shall be most holy to you…» (Exodus 30:34-38). Find here: Traditional Incense from Mount Athos What is the symbolism of Incense In the Old Testament, the offering of incense was a divine command, performed every morning and evening alongside the lighting of the oil-lamps, as detailed in the book of Exodus (30:7-8). This holy act has been preserved in Christian tradition to this day. Prayer and Communication with God Incense holds deep symbolic meaning and serves as a medium for communication with God. As incense burns and prayers are offered, the faithful ask the Lord to accept the prayer in order to rise to His heavenly throne, just as the fragrant incense ascends to the heavens. It also symbolizes the spiritual ascent of the soul and our heartfelt desire for prayers to be accepted as a «sweet-smelling spiritual aroma». In Church, incense is offered during Vespers while the second verse of Psalm 140 is chanted: «Let my prayer be set forth before You as incense…». What should we do during the time of incense in Church? When the faithful are censed by the priest during a church service, they should bow their heads slightly as a sign of acceptance of the divine grace. Saint John Chrysostom explains that just as incense is naturally fragrant but emits its full aroma when touched by fire, so prayer becomes more potent when it springs from a fervent and devoted soul. Find here: Icons with Saint John Chrysostom. What incensing symbolizes at the Church and at homes Incensing, whether in the church or at home, is a practice that unites humans with God, creating an atmosphere of reverence and spiritual elevation. Furthermore, fragrant incense symbolizes praise, that is, thanksgiving to God. The burning of incense expresses worship and atonement, while its aroma fills the church with a sense of divine grace. This act reflects the fulfillment of the believer’s heart with divine satisfaction, a fruit of love towards God. In this holy atmosphere, every faithful individual becomes «the fragrance of Christ». Why we use incense at home Typically, believers burn incense at home twice daily, morning and evening, as times of prayer and thanksgiving to God. In the morning, incense is burned to glorify God for a peaceful night and to seek His blessing for the day ahead. At night, during prayer, believers thank Him for the day’s events and ask for His protection during their rest. Thus, the use of incense at home is accompanied by prayer, fostering a spirit of reverence and drawing divine grace. It is customary for believers to burn incense before prayer, while reading supplications, or when baking holy bread prosphora. This act serves as a reminder of God’s presence and the saints’ role in our lives. Find here: Incense Set with coals, incense, wicks and candlestick Prayer for burning incense at home When burning incense at home, believers may say the following prayer: «Let my prayer rise as incense before You; the lifting up of my hands as an evening sacrifice. Hear me O Lord». (Psalm. 140.2) How is the Frankincense connected to the Pentecost Incense also symbolizes the fiery tongues of Pentecost, when the Holy Spirit descended upon the disciples of Jesus Christ «tongues as of fire». During the Prothesis, the priest offers a blessing that reflects this connection, saying: «Incense we offer unto Thee, O Christ our God, as an odor of spiritual fragrance. Receiving it upon Thy most heavenly altar, send down upon us in return the grace of Thine All-Holy Spirit». In this way, incense becomes a means of invoking the descent of the Holy Spirit. Saint Symeon of Thessaloniki explains that incense signifies the grace of God, which was poured out upon the world through Jesus Christ and ascends to heaven through Him. Find here: Incense Set - Holy Cell Presentation of Virgin Mary What is the aromatic Frankincense? The aromatic frankincense is a more recent form of incense, created by blending finely ground natural incense with aromatic substances in specific proportions. The preparation of aromatic Frankincense on Mount Athos The preparation of the aromatic frankincense has been carried on uninterruptedly for centuries by the monks of Mount Athos. They often use flower petals along with frankincense, which they grind in a shatter. After kneading the mixture, the dark incense paste is spread on trays to dry and later cut into small pieces for use during special occasions. Find here: Traditional Frankincense of Mount Athos What is the symbolism of the censers used in Orthodox tradition? A censer is a portable, metal vessel used to place burning charcoals or coal powder in its down side. Censers are employed in all Church Services, in believers’ homes, and at the graves of loved ones. Church censers are supported by four chains, adorned with twelve bells, symbolizing the Four Evangelists and the Twelve Apostles, respectively. The lighting of the censer signifies believers’ faith and love towards God. Find here: Ecclesiastical - Church Censers The bowl of the censer, where the charcoals burn and the incense is placed, represents the womb of the Theotokos. According to Saint Cosmas of Aetolia, the censer symbolizes the Theotokos herself. Just as the burning coals do not consume the incense, so the Virgin Mary bore Jesus Christ, the “consuming fire,” in her womb without any harm or alteration. The base of the censer signifies Jesus Christ’s human nature, while the fire represents His divine essence and the Divine Love that burns like a flame in the hearts of all believers. The rising smoke symbolizes the fragrance of the Holy Spirit. Find here: Orthodox Home Censers

Lady of Kazan the Black Madonna of Kazan

The icon of Our Lady of Kazan, also known as the Black Virgin of Kazan or Black Madonna of Kazan or the Theotokos of Kazan is a holy icon of the highest religious importance for the Russian Orthodox Church. How Our Lady of Kazan is depicted The holy icon of Our Lady of Kazan depicts the Theotokos standing beside Jesus Christ, turning her head towards Him tenderly. Jesus Christ is depicted standing and blessing. The icon of Our Lady, protection for the city of Kazan According to tradition, Germanus II, Patriarch of Constantinople, offered the holy icon of Our Lady as a gift to the inhabitants of the city of Kazan in the 13th century. With this act gesture, he intended to help the people of Kazan feel the Virgin Mary as support and protection against frequent threats and raids from hostile people. How and when the icon disappeared Around 1438 AD, the city of Kazan was captured by the Tatars. At that time, the holy icon of Our Lady mysteriously disappeared. After the conquering of Kazan, around 1579 AD, a fire broke out in the Kremlin of Kazan, causing its complete destruction. The Muslims of the city interpreted the catastrophic event as a result of the wrath of the Prophet Muhammad. Hostilities soon erupted among the inhabitants, leading to a civil conflict. Find here: Byzantine Icons with our Lady of Kazan. The miracle of the icon's discovery To bring peace and harmony among the inhabitants of the city, the holy icon of Our Lady of Kazan miraculously appeared to a young girl named Matrona. The Theotokos revealed to her the location of the holy icon and the young girl recounted the events to her mother. Subsequently, they informed the bishop of the city, Saint Guria. Following the command of the Virgin Mary, the Bishop found the icon of Our Lady of Kazan buried three feet deep on July 8, 1579. The icon was transported with reverence and the participation of faithful inhabitants of the city to the Church of Saint Nicholas. The final disappearance of the icon of Our Lady of Kazan Since then, the holy icon of Our Lady of Kazan performed countless miracles, starting with the healing of the blind Joseph. However, on November 29, 1904, the holy icon disappeared again mysteriously from the Kazan Monastery of the Theotokos. Despite the thieves being found with the precious cover of the icon, the actual icon of Our Lady was never recovered. Even the copy of the icon that was placed in Saint Petersburg disappeared in 1917 on its way to Moscow. Find here: icons with our Lady of Kazan. The disappearance of the sacred icon is an ominous sign The theft and disappearance of the icon of Our Lady of Kazan were interpreted by the Russian Church as an ominous sign. On the other hand, the faithful people connected its disappearance with the Revolution of 1905, Russia's defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, as well as the October Revolution of 1917. Find here: Prayer Rope with Theotokos of Kazan The copies of the icon of Our Lady of Kazan There are now over 60 copies of the icon of Our Lady of Kazan and some are considered miraculous. One copy of the icon, with significant artistic value, is preserved at the Russian Monastery of Saint Panteleimon on Mount Athos. Another copy of the holy icon, dating back to 1730, was acquired in the 1970s from the pilgrimage of Our Lady in the village of Fátima, Portugal. In 1993, it was transferred to the Vatican. In Greece, copies of the holy icon can be found in the chapel of Saint Xenia of Russia in Mandra, Attica, in the Church of the Dormition of the Virgin Mary in Kallithea, Attica, and in the Catholic Church of the Holy Monastery of the Virgin Mary in Keratea. When our Lady of Kazan is celebrated Michael Feodorovich, the first Tsar of the Romanov dynasty, established two celebrations in honor of the holy icon of the Theotokos of Kazan. The first feast is on July 8th and is associated with the finding of the icon. The second feast is on October 22nd and commemorates the national holiday honoring the liberation of the Russians from the Poles. To this day, the holy icon of Our Lady of Kazan remains a symbol of peace and protector of all Russians. Find here: silver pendant with Virgin Mary of Kazan